例外

¥Exceptions

此页面列出了使用 HTTPX 时可能引发的异常。

¥This page lists exceptions that may be raised when using HTTPX.

有关如何处理 HTTPX 异常的概述，请参阅异常（快速入门）。

¥For an overview of how to work with HTTPX exceptions, see Exceptions (Quickstart).

异常层次

¥The exception hierarchy

• HTTP错误

  ¥HTTPError

  • 请求错误

    ¥RequestError

    • 运输错误

      ¥TransportError

      • 超时异常

        ¥TimeoutException

        • 连接超时

          ¥ConnectTimeout

        • 读取超时

          ¥ReadTimeout

        • 写入超时

          ¥WriteTimeout

        • 池超时

          ¥PoolTimeout

      • 网络错误

        ¥NetworkError

        • 连接错误

          ¥ConnectError

        • 读取错误

          ¥ReadError

        • 写入错误

          ¥WriteError

        • 关闭错误

          ¥CloseError

      • 协议错误

        ¥ProtocolError

        • 本地协议错误

          ¥LocalProtocolError

        • 远程协议错误

          ¥RemoteProtocolError

      • 代理错误

        ¥ProxyError

      • 不支持的协议

        ¥UnsupportedProtocol

    • 解码错误

      ¥DecodingError

    • 重定向次数过多

      ¥TooManyRedirects

  • HTTP状态错误

    ¥HTTPStatusError

• 无效URL

  ¥InvalidURL

• Cookie冲突

  ¥CookieConflict

• 流错误

  ¥StreamError

  • 流消耗

    ¥StreamConsumed

  • 未读回复

    ¥ResponseNotRead

  • 请求未读

    ¥RequestNotRead

  • StreamClosed

    ¥StreamClosed

---

异常类

¥Exception classes

class httpx.HTTPError(message)

基类RequestError和HTTPStatusError。

¥Base class for RequestError and HTTPStatusError.

适用于try...except发出请求时阻塞，然后调用.raise_for_status()。

¥Useful for try...except blocks when issuing a request, and then calling .raise_for_status().

例如：

¥For example:

try:
    response = httpx.get("https://www.example.com")
    response.raise_for_status()
except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
    print(f"HTTP Exception for {exc.request.url} - {exc}")

class httpx.RequestError(message, *, request=None)

发出.request()。

¥Base class for all exceptions that may occur when issuing a .request().

class httpx.TransportError(message, *, request=None)

在传输 API 级别发生的所有异常的基类。

¥Base class for all exceptions that occur at the level of the Transport API.

class httpx.TimeoutException(message, *, request=None)

超时错误的基类。

¥The base class for timeout errors.

操作已超时。

¥An operation has timed out.

class httpx.ConnectTimeout(message, *, request=None)

连接主机时超时。

¥Timed out while connecting to the host.

class httpx.ReadTimeout(message, *, request=None)

从主机接收数据超时。

¥Timed out while receiving data from the host.

class httpx.WriteTimeout(message, *, request=None)

向主机发送数据超时。

¥Timed out while sending data to the host.

class httpx.PoolTimeout(message, *, request=None)

等待从池中获取连接超时。

¥Timed out waiting to acquire a connection from the pool.

class httpx.NetworkError(message, *, request=None)

网络相关错误的基类。

¥The base class for network-related errors.

与网络交互时发生错误。

¥An error occurred while interacting with the network.

class httpx.ConnectError(message, *, request=None)

无法建立连接。

¥Failed to establish a connection.

class httpx.ReadError(message, *, request=None)

无法从网络接收数据。

¥Failed to receive data from the network.

class httpx.WriteError(message, *, request=None)

无法通过网络发送数据。

¥Failed to send data through the network.

class httpx.CloseError(message, *, request=None)

无法关闭连接。

¥Failed to close a connection.

class httpx.ProtocolError(message, *, request=None)

协议被违反了。

¥The protocol was violated.

class httpx.LocalProtocolError(message, *, request=None)

客户端违反了协议。

¥A protocol was violated by the client.

例如，如果用户实例化了一个Request实例明确，未能包括强制性Host:标头，然后直接使用client.send()。

¥For example if the user instantiated a Request instance explicitly, failed to include the mandatory Host: header, and then issued it directly using client.send().

class httpx.RemoteProtocolError(message, *, request=None)

服务器违反了协议。

¥The protocol was violated by the server.

例如返回格式错误的 HTTP。

¥For example, returning malformed HTTP.

class httpx.ProxyError(message, *, request=None)

建立代理连接时发生错误。

¥An error occurred while establishing a proxy connection.

class httpx.UnsupportedProtocol(message, *, request=None)

尝试向不受支持的协议发出请求。

¥Attempted to make a request to an unsupported protocol.

例如向ftp://www.example.com。

¥For example issuing a request to ftp://www.example.com.

class httpx.DecodingError(message, *, request=None)

由于编码格式错误，响应解码失败。

¥Decoding of the response failed, due to a malformed encoding.

class httpx.TooManyRedirects(message, *, request=None)

重定向过多。

¥Too many redirects.

class httpx.HTTPStatusError(message, *, request, response)

响应具有错误 HTTP 状态 4xx 或 5xx。

¥The response had an error HTTP status of 4xx or 5xx.

打电话时可能会提出response.raise_for_status()

¥May be raised when calling response.raise_for_status()

class httpx.InvalidURL(message)

URL 格式不正确或无法解析。

¥URL is improperly formed or cannot be parsed.

class httpx.CookieConflict(message)

尝试按名称查找 cookie，但存在多个 cookie。

¥Attempted to lookup a cookie by name, but multiple cookies existed.

调用时可能会发生response.cookies.get(...)。

¥Can occur when calling response.cookies.get(...).

class httpx.StreamError(message)

流异常的基类。

¥The base class for stream exceptions.

开发人员以无效的方式访问请求流时出错。

¥The developer made an error in accessing the request stream in an invalid way.

class httpx.StreamConsumed()

尝试读取或流式传输内容，但内容已被流式传输。

¥Attempted to read or stream content, but the content has already been streamed.

class httpx.StreamClosed()

尝试读取或流式传输响应内容，但请求已被关闭。

¥Attempted to read or stream response content, but the request has been closed.

class httpx.ResponseNotRead()

尝试访问流式响应内容，而无需调用read()。

¥Attempted to access streaming response content, without having called read().

class httpx.RequestNotRead()

尝试访问流式请求内容，但未调用read()。

¥Attempted to access streaming request content, without having called read().